Abstract. The terms “general intent” and “specific intent” are riddled with confusion that has persisted in both federal courts and academia. For the first time, this Article will alleviate this confusion by translating the two terms to the clearer and better-understood mens rea defined in the …

Abstract. Traditional standing doctrine places well-known and strict limits on the ability of third parties to challenge agency rules. However, courts are misapplying this test when faced with a challenge to the denial of a petition for rulemaking, a fundamentally different type of agency …

Abstract. The Supreme Court today embraces textualism—the practice of interpreting legal text by reference to how an ordinary person would have understood that text at the time it was promulgated. Yet, when it comes to patent cases at the Court interpreting the statutory provision governing …

Abstract. The Supreme Court’s 2023 Allen v. Milligan decision upheld Thornburg v. Gingles from 1986. Gingles established preconditions creating majority-minority districts to protect a minority population’s voting rights. This Comment will argue that the Gingles preconditions fail to produce …

Abstract. As commonly understood, the U.S. Supreme Court has interpreted the Commerce Clause to include a “dormant” component which prevents states from enacting laws that discriminate against or substantially burden interstate commerce. Through a less frequently explored strand of Dormant …